Red
Urgency, energy, appetite, danger. It raises attention faster than any other hue and reads as the most forceful.
Use it for one action that must be seen, sale and limited-time states, food, sport, entertainment.
Watch for it is also the colour of errors. A red primary button next to a red error message makes both ambiguous, so pair a red brand with a distinct danger treatment (icon and words).
Luck and celebration in China, mourning in parts of southern Africa, debt in accounting.
Orange
Warmth, friendliness, appetite, affordability. Active like red, without the alarm.
Use it for consumer products, food, community, calls to action on a neutral page.
Watch for can read as cheap when saturated across large areas; text on orange rarely passes contrast, so use it for fills with dark text or for accents.
Sacred (saffron) in South Asia; a national colour in the Netherlands.
Brown and terracotta
Earth, craft, reliability, age. Feels made by hand and unhurried.
Use it for food, coffee, leather, ceramics, heritage brands, anything artisanal.
Watch for looks dull on screens unless the neutrals around it are warm too.
Broadly consistent across cultures: soil, wood, bread.
Yellow and gold
Optimism, attention, caution. Gold tones add value and ceremony.
Use it for highlights, warnings, playful consumer brands; gold for luxury and awards.
Watch for the lightest hue: white text on yellow fails, so yellow always carries dark text. Large yellow areas tire the eye.
Imperial in China, mourning in Egypt, caution on roads everywhere.
Green
Growth, health, permission, money. The easiest colour to look at for a long time.
Use it for finance, health, food, sustainability, and “go” or success states.
Watch for success messages are green too: a green brand needs a success state that is clearly a status (icon, words). Claims of sustainability made with green alone read as greenwashing.
Sacred in Islam; luck in Ireland; in some markets associated with a specific party or bank.
Teal and cyan
Clarity, cleanliness, calm technology. Cooler than green, softer than blue.
Use it for health tech, wellness, productivity tools, water and travel.
Watch for very common in medical and SaaS products, so it needs a distinctive neutral or typeface to be remembered.
Few strong cultural conflicts, which is part of why it is so widely used.
Blue
Trust, competence, calm, distance. The world’s most-liked colour and the default of banks, software and social networks.
Use it for finance, enterprise, health, anything that must feel safe. Links are expected to be blue.
Watch for the safest choice is also the least memorable. A blue brand is told apart by its typography, shape and tone of voice, not by its blue.
Mourning in Iran, protection in the eastern Mediterranean, corporate nearly everywhere.
Indigo and violet
Imagination, luxury, spirituality, the unusual.
Use it for creative tools, beauty, premium or mystical products.
Watch for a violet-to-blue gradient is the most recognised mark of a generated page. If violet is your brand, use it flat, with a warm second colour, and never as a gradient behind a centred headline.
Royalty in Europe, mourning in Thailand and Brazil.
Magenta and pink
Play, tenderness, boldness. Pale pinks are gentle; hot magenta is loud and modern.
Use it for beauty, fashion, confectionery, youth brands, a single loud accent.
Watch for heavily gendered in some markets; test with the real audience instead of assuming.
Tied to cherry blossom and spring in Japan; treating it as a colour for girls is recent and Western.
Black and ink
Authority, precision, luxury. It makes everything next to it look more deliberate.
Use it for fashion, editorial, developer tools, any brand that will let its content be the colour.
Watch for pure #000 on pure #fff is harsh on long text. Soften one of the two slightly, or warm both.
Grey
Neutrality, technology, restraint.
Use it for interfaces where data must stand out.
Watch for a grey with no hue at all looks unfinished beside a coloured accent. Tint the neutrals toward the brand hue by two or three percent.
White and paper
Space, honesty, simplicity. Warm whites feel human, cool whites feel clinical.
Use it for almost everything. The page colour sets the temperature of the whole brand.
Watch for empty is not the same as calm: white space needs a grid behind it.